There are two types of gum disease: Periodontitis and Gingivitis. Periodontitis is a serious gum infection that destroys the bone that supports the teeth, causing tooth loss. It also damages the soft tissue in the mouth, but worst of all, it can lead to life-threatening problems such as heart attacks and strokes. Although periodontitis is common, it is largely preventable. Periodontitis can be the result of poor oral hygiene. Therefore, brushing at least twice a day, flossing daily and getting regular dental check-ups are recommended to greatly reduce your chance of developing periodontitis.

Signs and symptoms of periodontitis can include:

• Swollen gums
• Bright red or purplish gums
• Gums that feel tender when touched
• Gums that pull away from your teeth (recede), making your teeth look longer than normal
• New spaces developing between your teeth
• Pus between your teeth and gums
• Bad breath
• Bad taste in your mouth
• Loose teeth
• A change in the way your teeth fit together when you bite

Gingivitis is a milder form of gum disease, and most people are unaware that they have this condition. A common cause of gingivitis is poor oral hygiene. Good oral health habits, such as brushing at least twice a day, flossing daily and getting regular dental check-ups, can help prevent gingivitis. Gingivitis can lead to periodontitis and eventual tooth loss.

Signs and symptoms of gingivitis include:

• Swollen gums
• Soft, puffy gums
• Receding gums
• Occasionally, tender gums
• Gums that bleed easily when you brush or floss, sometimes seen as redness or pinkness on your brush or floss
• A change in the colour of your gums from a healthy pink to dusky red
• Bad breath